Rating the Presidential Contenders on Russia

Edwards co-chaired the Council on Foreign Relations' Russia Task Force in 2006, which urged U.S. cooperation with Russia, but said the United States must pressure Russia to maintain democracy. The report from the Task Force recommended Russian accession into the World Trade Organization, which, it said, would "promote further liberalization of the Russian economy and should signify full Russian acceptance of a rules-based international trading system." Edwards has been critical of Putin for his anti-democratic tendencies, but says Russia should remain a member of the G-8. In an April 2007 Democratic debate, Edwards expressed concern about Russia's political direction. "They've moved from being a democracy under Yeltsin to being a complete autocracy under Putin," he said.

Romney advocates "a lot of cooperation" with Russia, as well as "frank and open discussions" about the state of democracy there. He also said in an April 2007 speech that the United States should work to secure "the vast amount of highly enriched nuclear material in their country." Romney supports the planned National Missile Defense program of the Bush administration.

New Mexico Gov. Richardson has said the United States should use diplomatic pressure to get Russia to "control some of the loose nuclear weapons in their domain." In an April 2007 Democratic debate, Richardson also said Russia should be "more humane in dealing with Chechnya." He views Russia as a potential "stable source of energy" for the United States. He also said Russian leaders should increase democracy promotion "in their own nation." In an October 2007 Democratic debate, Richardson said Russia's relationship with Iran is "not healthy."

Sen. Obama (D-IL) has said Russia is "neither our enemy nor close ally," and said the United States "shouldn't shy away from pushing for more democracy, transparency, and accountability" there. He has focused much of his discussion of Russia on diminishing the possibility of nuclear weapons use. In a July 2007 Foreign Affairs article, Obama said the United States and Russia should collaborate to "update and scale back our dangerously outdated Cold War nuclear postures and de-emphasize the role of nuclear weapons." In an October 2007 speech in Chicago, Obama said if elected he would work to "take U.S. and Russian ballistic missiles off hair-trigger alert, and to dramatically reduce the stockpiles of our nuclear weapons and material." He said he would seek a "global ban on the production of fissile material for weapons" and an expansion of "the U.S.-Russian ban on intermediate-range missiles." In 2005, Obama traveled with Sen. Richard Lugar (R-IN) to nuclear and biological weapons destruction sites in Russia, Ukraine, and Azerbaijan. Obama and Lugar then introduced legislation to eliminate nuclear stockpiles throughout the former Soviet Union. That law was enacted in 2007.

Huckabee seems optimistic about the U.S.-Russian relationship. "Things will be better than during the Cold War because, much as we do not want another 9/11, Putin does not want another terrorist attack like the 2004 school siege in Beslan," he wrote in a January 2008 Foreign Affairs essay. Still, he is critical of Putin, whom he calls "a staunch nationalist in a country that has no democratic tradition."

Sen. Clinton (D-NY), like most of her fellow Democrats, favors diplomacy toward Russia with the goal of promoting democracy there and reducing nuclear stockpiles. In a November 2007 Foreign Affairs article, Clinton pledged to "negotiate an accord that substantially and verifiably reduces the U.S. and Russian nuclear arsenals." She also called for engagement with Russia on "issues of high national importance," including Iran, loose nuclear weapons, and the status of the Serbian province of Kosovo. She said Washington’s "ability to view Russia as a genuine partner depends on whether Russia chooses to strengthen democracy or return to authoritarianism and regional interference." Still, she told the Boston Globe in October 2007, "I'm interested in what Russia does outside its borders first. I don't think I can, as the president of the United States, wave my hand and tell the Russian people they should have a different government."

Sen. Dodd (D-CT) says the United States should engage Russia diplomatically and call on Russia to "support freedom and democracy" at home and "to eliminate the conditions that export terrorism and allow our enemies to thrive." In 2000, Dodd traveled to Russia to participate in talks on national security issues, including missile defense and nuclear treaties. In a 2004 interview with PBS' Online NewsHour, Dodd urged cooperation between Russian and U.S. intelligence agencies to fight terrorism toward the United States and by Chechen militants toward Russia. He said the United States has not taken effective action to facilitate a relationship with Russia on Chechnya and "in connection with the other issues we face in the Middle East and elsewhere."

CATEGORY E: MANIACS

Gravel campaign spokesman Shawn Colvin has said the United States must "increase diplomatic communication" with Russia. In an interview with Pravda, Colvin said Gravel would not create a missile defense shield in Europe if he is elected president. He also said Gravel would move the United States "toward nuclear de-escalation in an effort to encourage Russia to do the same."

Rep. Kucinich (D-OH) favors the elimination of nuclear weapons and has called for new talks with Russia and all other nuclear countries to accomplish that goal. Kucinich supports preservation of the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, which the Bush administration announced it would opt out of in December 2001. "Scrapping it and building a missile defense system will only invite Russia and China to build up arsenals able to overcome our defenses." He says the United States should cancel ballistic missile defense plans, which he has called "a wacky idea that will never work" (CNN).

Rep. Paul (R-TX) advocates a "strong national defense and a policy of non-intervention abroad" to ensure a Russia policy that "seeks our national interest." In January 2007, Paul cosponsored a resolution to suspend the antidumping duty orders on imports of solid urea -- a substance used in fertilizers, plastics, and animal feed -- from Russia and Ukraine. That bill failed. Paul was the only member of the House to vote against a 2007 resolution "noting the disturbing pattern of killings of numerous independent journalists in Russia since 2000, and urging Russian President Vladimir Putin to authorize cooperation with outside investigators in solving those murders."

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